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@ARTICLE{Galivarapu:828001,
      author       = {Galivarapu, Jagadish K. and Kumar, D. and Banerjee, A. and
                      Sathe, V. and Aquilanti, Giuliana and Rath, Chandana},
      title        = {{E}ffect of size reduction on cation distribution and
                      magnetic transitions in {C}o{C}r$_{2}$ {O}$_{4}$
                      multiferroic: {EXAFS}, magnetic and diffused neutron
                      scattering measurements},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {68},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02023},
      pages        = {63809 - 63819},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {A rich sequence of magnetic transitions such as para to
                      long-range ferrimagnetic transition at Curie temperature,
                      TC, to a short range non-collinear spiral ordering at spiral
                      ordering temperature, TS, and finally to a lock in
                      transition, TL, are examined in ∼10 and ∼50 nm samples
                      of CoCr2O4 multiferroic through dc, ac magnetic measurements
                      and diffused neutron scattering using polarized neutrons.
                      Analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)
                      spectra and Fourier transforms of Co and Cr edges in real
                      (r) and momentum (k) space show no change in cation
                      distribution among A and B sites even after reducing the
                      size to the nanometer range due to the high crystal field
                      stabilisation energy of Cr3+ towards the B site. While TS
                      remains independent, TC increases from 97.2 to 100.1 K and
                      TL increases from 5 to 8.5 K with varying size from 10 to 50
                      nm. Temperature dependent ac susceptibility (χ)
                      measurements demonstrate that χ′ and χ′′ do not show
                      any dispersion behaviour in the 10 nm sample. However, we
                      observe splitting of χ′′ into two peaks and one of them
                      shows dispersion behaviour in the 50 nm sample, indicating a
                      core–shell structure. Magnetization vs. magnetic field
                      measurement show hysteresis behaviour with unsaturated
                      magnetization at high magnetic field indicating a
                      ferrimagnetic core surrounded by disordered surface spins.
                      Fitting of χ′′ with an empirical relation Φ =
                      ΔTB/TBΔlog10 ω, and memory effect measurement, further
                      confirm the spin-glass behaviour of the shell in the 50 nm
                      sample. Magnetic ordering temperatures are examined through
                      neutron scattering using a polarized neutron beam, and
                      reveal that while the para- to ferrimagnetic transition, TC,
                      is continuous and long-range in both nanocrystalline
                      particles, TS is found to be sharp, short-range, and
                      commensurate in 50 nm sample},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-2},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)DNS-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000379493900085},
      doi          = {10.1039/C6RA10189E},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828001},
}