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@ARTICLE{Hengst:828082,
      author       = {Hengst, Claudia and Menzel, Siegfried and Rane, Gayatri and
                      Smirnov, Vladimir and Wilken, Karen and Leszczynska, Barbara
                      and Fischer, Dustin and Prager, Nicole},
      title        = {{M}echanical {P}roperties of {ZTO}, {ITO}, and a-{S}i:{H}
                      {M}ultilayer {F}ilms for {F}lexible {T}hin {F}ilm {S}olar
                      {C}ells},
      journal      = {Materials},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1996-1944},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02086},
      pages        = {245},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The behavior of bi- and trilayer coating systems for
                      flexible a-Si:H based solar cells consisting of a barrier,
                      an electrode, and an absorption layer is studied under
                      mechanical load. First, the film morphology, stress,
                      Young’s modulus, and crack onset strain (COS) were
                      analyzed for single film coatings of various thickness on
                      polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. In order to
                      demonstrate the role of the microstructure of a single film
                      on the mechanical behavior of the whole multilayer coating,
                      two sets of InSnOx (indium tin oxide, ITO) conductive
                      coatings were prepared. Whereas a characteristic
                      grain–subgrain structure was observed in ITO-1 films,
                      grain growth was suppressed in ITO-2 films. ITO-1 bilayer
                      coatings showed two-step failure under tensile load with
                      cracks propagating along the ITO-1/a-Si:H-interface, whereas
                      channeling cracks in comparable bi- and trilayers based on
                      amorphous ITO-2 run through all constituent layers. A
                      two-step failure is preferable from an application point of
                      view, as it may lead to only a degradation of the
                      performance instead of the ultimate failure of the device.
                      Hence, the results demonstrate the importance of a
                      fine-tuning of film microstructure not only for excellent
                      electrical properties, but also for a high mechanical
                      performance of flexible devices (e.g., a-Si:H based solar
                      cells) during fabrication in a roll-to-roll process or under
                      service},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000400863500028},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28772609},
      doi          = {10.3390/ma10030245},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828082},
}