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@ARTICLE{Wittgens:828258,
      author       = {Wittgens, Andreas and Kovacic, Filip and Müller, Markus
                      Michael and Gerlitzki, Melanie and Santiago-Schübel,
                      Beatrix and Hofmann, Diana and Tiso, Till and Blank, Lars
                      Mathias and Henkel, Marius and Hausmann, Rudolf and Syldatk,
                      Christoph and Wilhelm, Susanne and Rosenau, Frank},
      title        = {{N}ovel insights into biosynthesis and uptake of
                      rhamnolipids and their precursors},
      journal      = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},
      volume       = {101},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1432-0614},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02226},
      pages        = {2865 - 2878},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonasaeruginosa
                      produces rhamnolipids, glycolipids with functionsfor
                      bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and uptake of
                      hydrophobicsubstrates. Rhamnolipids represent a chemically
                      heterogeneousgroup of secondary metabolites composed of one
                      ortwo rhamnose molecules linked to one or mostly two
                      3-hydroxyfatty acids of various chain lengths. The
                      biosyntheticpathway involves rhamnosyltransferase I encoded
                      by the rhlABoperon, which synthesizes
                      3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoicacids (HAAs) followed by
                      their coupling to one rhamnose moiety.The resulting
                      mono-rhamnolipids are converted to dirhamnolipidsin a third
                      reaction catalyzed by therhamnosyltransferase II RhlC.
                      However, the mechanism behindthe biosynthesis of
                      rhamnolipids containing only a singlefatty acid is still
                      unknown. To understand the role of proteinsinvolved in
                      rhamnolipid biosynthesis the heterologous expressionof
                      rhl-genes in non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 strains
                      was used in this study to circumvent the complexquorum
                      sensing regulation in P. aeruginosa. Our resultsreveal that
                      RhlA and RhlB are independently involved inrhamnolipid
                      biosynthesis and not in the form of a RhlAB
                      heterodimercomplex as it has been previously
                      postulated.Furthermore, we demonstrate that
                      mono-rhamnolipids providedextracellularly as well as HAAs as
                      their precursors are generallytaken up into the cell and are
                      subsequently converted todi-rhamnolipids by P. putida and
                      the native host P. aeruginosa.Finally, our results throw
                      light on the biosynthesis ofrhamnolipids containing one
                      fatty acid,which occurs by hydrolyzationof typical
                      rhamnolipids containing two fatty acids,valuable for the
                      production of designer rhamnolipids with
                      desiredphysicochemical properties.},
      cin          = {IBG-3 / ZEA-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000398705100018},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27988798},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00253-016-8041-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828258},
}