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@ARTICLE{Weigand:828468,
      author       = {Weigand, Susanne and Bol, Roland and Reichert, Barbara and
                      Graf, Alexander and Wiekenkamp, Inge and Stockinger, Michael
                      and Lücke, Andreas and Tappe, Wolfgang and Bogena, Heye and
                      Pütz, Thomas and Amelung, Wulf and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{S}patiotemporal {A}nalysis of {D}issolved {O}rganic
                      {C}arbon and {N}itrate in {W}aters of a {F}orested
                      {C}atchment {U}sing {W}avelet {A}nalysis},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02427},
      pages        = {},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Understanding natural controls on N and C biogeochemical
                      cycles is important to estimate human impacts on these
                      cycles. This study examined the spatiotemporal relationships
                      between time series of weekly monitored stream and
                      groundwater N and C (assessed by NO3− and dissolved
                      organic C [DOC]) in the forested Wüstebach catchment
                      (Germany). In addition to traditional correlation analysis,
                      we applied wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis to
                      study variations in the correlation and lag time between the
                      N and C time series for different time scales. Median
                      transit times were used to connect hydrologic and water
                      chemistry data. We defined three stream-water groups: (i)
                      subsurface runoff dominated locations with strong seasonal
                      fluctuations in concentrations, short transit times, and
                      strong negative C/N correlations with short time lags, (ii)
                      groundwater dominated locations, with weaker seasonal
                      fluctuations, longer transit times, and weaker C/N
                      correlations with lags of several months, and (iii)
                      intermediate locations, with moderate seasonal fluctuations,
                      moderate transit times, and strong C/N correlations with
                      short time lags. Water transit times could be identified as
                      key drivers for the C/N relationship and we conclude that C
                      and N transport in stream water can be explained by mixing
                      of groundwater and subsurface runoff. Complemented by
                      transit times and the hydrochemical time series, WTC
                      analysis allowed us to discriminate between different water
                      sources (groundwater vs. subsurface runoff). In conclusion,
                      we found that in time series studies of hydrochemical data,
                      e.g., DOC and NO3−, WTC analysis can be a viable tool to
                      identify spatiotemporally dependent relationships in
                      catchments.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000397092300002},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2016.09.0077},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828468},
}