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@ARTICLE{Kasnatscheew:828968,
      author       = {Kasnatscheew, Johannes and Evertz, Marco and Streipert,
                      Benjamin and Wagner, Ralf and Nowak, Sascha and Cekic
                      Laskovic, Isidora and Winter, Martin},
      title        = {{C}hanging {E}stablished {B}elief on {C}apacity {F}ade
                      {M}echanisms: {T}horough {I}nvestigation of {L}i{N}i
                      $_{1/3}$ {C}o $_{1/3}$ {M}n $_{1/3}$ {O} $_{2}$ ({NCM}111)
                      under {H}igh {V}oltage {C}onditions},
      journal      = {The journal of physical chemistry / C},
      volume       = {121},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1932-7455},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02788},
      pages        = {1521 - 1529},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The further development of lithium ion batteries operating
                      at high voltages requires basic understanding of the
                      occurring capacity fade mechanisms. In this work, the
                      overall specific capacity loss with regard to reversible and
                      irreversible processes for LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM111)/Li
                      half cells, cycled at a charge cutoff potential of 4.6 V vs
                      Li/Li+, has been investigated in detail. By means of total
                      X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) technique it was shown that
                      specific capacity losses associated with the amount of
                      dissolved transition metals are negligible, implying a still
                      intact NCM111 active material after 53 cycles. It was
                      demonstrated that the specific capacity fade during cycling
                      at constant specific currents can be mainly attributed to
                      the increase of the delithiation (charge) hindrance, whereas
                      lithiation (discharge) hindrance is only present after a
                      specific current increase, leading to apparent specific
                      capacity losses and to decreased Coulombic efficiencies.
                      This could be proven by the determination of the NCM
                      lithiation degree in the discharged state with inductively
                      coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES).
                      Moreover, by decreasing the kinetic hindrance in the NCM
                      material, it was shown that most of the observed specific
                      capacity losses after 53 cycles are reversible. The
                      influence of the active material and the cathode electrolyte
                      interphase (CEI) on the specific capacity fade has been
                      discussed. The results of the X-ray photoelectron
                      spectroscopy (XPS) studies revealed that the CEI thickness
                      is predominately dependent on the applied temperature
                      (thermal-chemical origin) rather than the applied electrode
                      potential (electrochemical origin). Finally, the absence of
                      a fade in specific capacity for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) at an
                      even higher charge cutoff potential of 4.95 V vs Li/Li+
                      points to a strong active material dependence than solely to
                      the impact of electrolyte decomposition and CEI formation.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000393008900018},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11746},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828968},
}