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@ARTICLE{Wilken:828979,
      author       = {Wilken, A. and Kraft, V. and Girod, S. and Winter, M. and
                      Nowak, S.},
      title        = {{A} fluoride-selective electrode ({F}se) for the
                      quantification of fluoride in lithium-ion battery ({L}ib)
                      electrolytes},
      journal      = {Analytical methods},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {38},
      issn         = {1759-9679},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02796},
      pages        = {6932 - 6940},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {In this work, a fluoride-selective electrode (FSE) was
                      applied with regard to the analysis of fluoride in lithium
                      hexafluorophosphate-based lithium-ion battery (LIB)
                      electrolytes. The influence of linear organic carbonate
                      solvents dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate
                      (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) which are used as
                      co-solvents in battery electrolytes was investigated. The
                      developed FSE method for the analysis of battery
                      electrolytes was comprehensively validated in view of the
                      (1) trueness and recovery rates (nominal vs. actual
                      comparison; influence of different amounts of electrolytes
                      on the performance of the electrode; recovery rates of
                      defined differences in concentration), (2) precision
                      (intra-day precision and inter-day precision), (3)
                      selectivity (influence of the carbonate solvents on
                      different fluoride concentrations; interferents) and (4)
                      linearity and range. Statistical analysis was performed to
                      evaluate the data and to characterize the reproducibility of
                      the method. The determination of the commercially available
                      LP30 (1 mol LiPF6 and ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate
                      (EC : DMC, 50 : 50 $wt\%))$ electrolyte stored over 47 days
                      and at 80 °C, by the FSE technique was compared to the
                      fluoride analysis by ion chromatography (IC). While
                      interferences in the IC method resulted in false-high
                      concentrations, the FSE operated free from interferences,
                      selective and specific. The validation of the method was
                      successfully carried out and enables new areas of
                      application.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000385380800014},
      doi          = {10.1039/C6AY02264B},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828979},
}