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@ARTICLE{Brner:828983,
      author       = {Börner, M. and Horsthemke, F. and Kollmer, F. and
                      Haseloff, S. and Friesen, A. and Niehoff, P. and Nowak, S.
                      and Winter, M. and Schappacher, F. M.},
      title        = {{D}egradation effects on the surface of commercial
                      {L}i{N}i$_{0.5}${C}o$_{0.2}${M}n$_{0.3}${O}$_{2}$
                      electrodes},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {335},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02800},
      pages        = {45 - 55},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {A comprehensive analysis of the degradation mechanisms on
                      the surface of commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 electrodes is
                      presented. Irregularly distributed particle cracking and the
                      formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase on the surface
                      of the active material were identified to be the main
                      degradation mechanisms. The particle cracking originates
                      from inhomogeneity of the composite electrode, leading to
                      deviations in the local current density and the state of
                      charge which results in overcharge conditions for particular
                      LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 particles. Therein, the highly
                      delithiated structure suffers from anisotropic stress due to
                      repulsive interactions between adjacent layers and the
                      formation of new phases which eventually cause particle
                      cracking. The structural changes were confirmed by the
                      presence of a spinel phase on the surface of the cracked
                      particles. Furthermore, the migration of transition metal
                      ions in the highly delithiated structure can facilitate
                      their dissolution into the electrolyte. The investigation of
                      the re-deposited transition metals reveals a predominant
                      dissolution of manganese from the overcharged particles. In
                      addition, electrochemical cycling of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2
                      electrodes in laboratory cells show an increasing severity
                      of the particle cracking at higher C-rates which can
                      influence the thermal stability of the active material.
                      Moreover, an increased electrolyte decomposition was
                      observed for higher cut-off potentials.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000387524600006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.071},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828983},
}