% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Rothermel:828987,
      author       = {Rothermel, Sergej and Evertz, Marco and Kasnatscheew,
                      Johannes and Qi, Xin and Grützke, Martin and Winter, Martin
                      and Nowak, Sascha},
      title        = {{G}raphite {R}ecycling from {S}pent {L}ithium-{I}on
                      {B}atteries},
      journal      = {ChemSusChem},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {24},
      issn         = {1864-5631},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02804},
      pages        = {3473 - 3484},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The present work reports on challenges in utilization of
                      spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—an increasingly
                      important aspect associated with a significantly rising
                      demand for electric vehicles (EVs). In this context, the
                      feasibility of anode recycling in combination with three
                      different electrolyte extraction concepts is investigated.
                      The first method is based on a thermal treatment of graphite
                      without electrolyte recovery. The second method additionally
                      utilizes a subcritical carbon-dioxide (subcritical
                      CO2)-assisted electrolyte extraction prior to thermal
                      treatment. And the final investigated approach uses
                      supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as extractant,
                      subsequently followed by the thermal treatment. It is
                      demonstrated that the best performance of recycled graphite
                      anodes can be achieved when electrolyte extraction is
                      performed using subcritical CO2. Comparative studies reveal
                      that, in the best case, the electrochemical performance of
                      recycled graphite exceeds the benchmark consisting of a
                      newly synthesized graphite anode. As essential efforts
                      towards electrolyte extraction and cathode recycling have
                      been made in the past, the electrochemical behavior of
                      recycled graphite, demonstrating the best performance, is
                      investigated in combination with a recycled
                      LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000394571500016},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27860314},
      doi          = {10.1002/cssc.201601062},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828987},
}