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@ARTICLE{VortmannWesthoven:828994,
      author       = {Vortmann-Westhoven, Britta and Lürenbaum, Constantin and
                      Winter, Martin and Nowak, Sascha},
      title        = {{D}etermination of lithium and transition metals in {L}i
                      $_{1}$ {N}i $_{1/3}$ {C}o $_{1/3}$ {M}n $_{1/3}$ {O} $_{2}$
                      ({NCM}) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by
                      capillary electrophoresis},
      journal      = {Electrophoresis},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {3-4},
      issn         = {0173-0835},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02811},
      pages        = {540 - 546},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In this work, we present a novel electrophoretic method
                      that was developed for the determination of lithium and
                      transition metals in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material
                      after microwave digestion. The cations in the digested
                      LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material were separated by CE and the
                      element content was determined by UV/Vis detection. To
                      characterize the precision of the measurements, the RSDs and
                      concentrations were calculated and compared to those
                      obtained with ICP-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
                      Furthermore, a certified reference material (BCR 176R—fly
                      ash) was investigated for all techniques. For active
                      material components, the LOD and LOQ were determined. The
                      LODs and LOQs for the metals determined by CE were as
                      follows: lithium (LOD/LOQ): 17.41/62.70 μg/L, cobalt
                      (LOD/LOQ): 348.4/1283 μg/L, manganese (LOD/LOQ): 540.2/2095
                      μg/L, and nickel (LOD/LOQ): 838.0/2982 μg/L. Recovery
                      rates for lithium were in the range of $95–103\%.$ It
                      could be proven that with the new technique, the results for
                      the determination of the lithium content of active material
                      were comparable with those obtained by ICP-OES and ion
                      chromatography. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the
                      transition metals were determined to be between 96 and
                      $110\%$ by CE and ICP-OES.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000396917400019},
      doi          = {10.1002/elps.201600445},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/828994},
}