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@ARTICLE{Friesen:829000,
      author       = {Friesen, Alex and Horsthemke, Fabian and Mönnighoff, Xaver
                      and Brunklaus, Gunther and Krafft, Roman and Börner, Markus
                      and Risthaus, Tim and Winter, Martin and Schappacher, Falko
                      M.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of cycling at low temperatures on the safety
                      behavior of 18650-type lithium ion cells: {C}ombined study
                      of mechanical and thermal abuse testing accompanied by
                      post-mortem analysis},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {334},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02817},
      pages        = {1 - 11},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The impact of cycling at low temperatures on the thermal
                      and mechanical abuse behavior of commercial 18650-type
                      lithium ion cells was compared to fresh cells. Post-mortem
                      analyses revealed a deposition of high surface area lithium
                      (HSAL) metal on the graphite surface accompanied by severe
                      electrolyte decomposition. Heat wait search (HWS) tests in
                      an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) were performed to
                      investigate the thermal abuse behavior of aged and fresh
                      cells under quasi-adiabatic conditions, showing a strong
                      shift of the onset temperature for exothermic reactions.
                      HSAL deposition promotes the reduction of the carbonate
                      based electrolyte due to the high reactivity of lithium
                      metal with high surface area, leading to a thermally induced
                      decomposition of the electrolyte to produce volatile gaseous
                      products. Nail penetration tests showed a change in the
                      thermal runaway (TR) behavior affected by the decomposition
                      reaction. This study indicates a greater thermal hazard for
                      LIB cells at higher SOC and experiencing aging at low
                      temperature.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000387526100001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.120},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829000},
}