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@ARTICLE{Graf:829090,
      author       = {Graf, Magnus F. and Tempel, Hermann and Köcher, Simone S.
                      and Schierholz, Roland and Scheurer, Christoph and Kungl,
                      Hans and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Granwehr, Josef},
      title        = {{O}bserving different modes of mobility in lithium titanate
                      spinel by nuclear magnetic resonance},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {41},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-02900},
      pages        = {25276 - 25284},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Lithium titanate (LTO) is a spinel material that is able to
                      reversibly intercalate Li ions with minimal changes of the
                      unit cell dimensions (“zero-strain”), making it an
                      attractive choice as anode material for Li ion batteries.
                      However, the nature of the Li transport in this material is
                      still not fully understood. Here, the Li mobility in
                      Li4+xTi5O12 with x = 0 and x ≈ 1.6 is investigated. By
                      regularized inversion of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
                      relaxation and spin alignment echo (SAE) data and supported
                      by DFT simulations, solid-state NMR spectra were analyzed as
                      a function of the respective relaxation times and
                      correlation time constants. A clear correlation between
                      mobility and NMR spectral features was observed, suggesting
                      the presence of local domains with high Li ion mobility. The
                      long-range mobility is limited by the much slower hopping
                      between such domains and appears to be faster for either
                      larger or less ordered local domains. For x ≈ 1.6,
                      spectral features indicate the formation of separate
                      stoichiometric and overlithiated phases rather than a solid
                      solution, yet no segregation into a fast and a slow
                      component was observed in the relaxation and in the SAE
                      dimension, which points towards an entangling of the two
                      phases on a microscopic scale.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000401535100010},
      doi          = {10.1039/C7RA01622K},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829090},
}