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@ARTICLE{Kasnatscheew:829298,
      author       = {Kasnatscheew, J. and Evertz, M. and Streipert, B. and
                      Wagner, R. and Klöpsch, R. and Vortmann, B. and Hahn, H.
                      and Nowak, S. and Amereller, M. and Gentschev, A.-C. and
                      Lamp, P. and Winter, M.},
      title        = {{T}he truth about the 1st cycle {C}oulombic efficiency of
                      {L}i{N}i $_{1/3}$ {C}o $_{1/3}$ {M}n $_{1/3}$ {O} $_{2}$
                      ({NCM}) cathodes},
      journal      = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1463-9084},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03028},
      pages        = {3956 - 3965},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The 1st cycle Coulombic efficiency (CE) of
                      LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) at 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+ has been
                      extensively investigated in NCM/Li half cells. It could be
                      proven that the major part of the observed overall specific
                      capacity loss (in total 36.3 mA h g−1) is reversible and
                      induced by kinetic limitations, namely an impeded lithiation
                      reaction during discharge. A measure facilitating the
                      lithiation reaction, i.e. a constant potential (CP) step at
                      the discharge cut-off potential, results in an increase in
                      specific discharge capacity of 22.1 mA h g−1. This
                      capacity increase during the CP step could be proven as a
                      relithiation process by Li+ content determination in NCM via
                      an ICP-OES measurement. In addition, a specific capacity
                      loss of approx. 4.2 mA h g−1 could be determined as an
                      intrinsic reaction to the NCM cathode material at room
                      temperature (RT). In total, less than 10.0 mA h g−1
                      $(=28\%$ of the overall capacity loss) can be attributed to
                      irreversible reactions, mainly to irreversible structural
                      changes of NCM. Thus, the impact of parasitic reactions,
                      such as oxidative electrolyte decomposition, on the
                      irreversible capacity is negligible and could also be proven
                      by on-line MS. As a consequence, the determination of the
                      amount of extracted Li+ (“Li+ extraction ratio”) so far
                      has been incorrect and must be calculated by the charge
                      capacity (=delithiation amount) divided by the theoretical
                      capacity. In a NCM/graphite full cell the relithiation
                      amount during the constant voltage (CV) step is smaller than
                      in the half cell, due to irreversible Li+ loss at graphite.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000369508100069},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26771035},
      doi          = {10.1039/C5CP07718D},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829298},
}