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@ARTICLE{Nguyen:829375,
      author       = {Nguyen, Viet Duc and Nguyen, Toan T. and Carloni, Paolo},
      title        = {{DNA} like-charge attraction and overcharging by divalent
                      counterions in the presence of divalent co-ions},
      journal      = {Journal of biological physics},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1573-0689},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03088},
      pages        = {185-195},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Strongly correlated electrostatics of DNA systems has drawn
                      the interest of many groups, especially the condensation and
                      overcharging of DNA by multivalent counterions. By adding
                      counterions of different valencies and shapes, one can
                      enhance or reduce DNA overcharging. In this paper, we focus
                      on the effect of multivalent co-ions, specifically divalent
                      co-ions such as SO2−4. A computational experiment of DNA
                      condensation using Monte Carlo simulation in grand canonical
                      ensemble is carried out where the DNA system is in
                      equilibrium with a bulk solution containing a mixture of
                      salt of different valency of co-ions. Compared to systems
                      with purely monovalent co-ions, the influence of divalent
                      co-ions shows up in multiple aspects. Divalent co-ions lead
                      to an increase of monovalent salt in the DNA condensate.
                      Because monovalent salts mostly participate in linear
                      screening of electrostatic interactions in the system, more
                      monovalent salt molecules enter the condensate leads to
                      screening out of short-range DNA–DNA like charge
                      attraction and weaker DNA condensation free energy. The
                      overcharging of DNA by multivalent counterions is also
                      reduced in the presence of divalent co-ions. Strong
                      repulsions between DNA and divalent co-ions and among
                      divalent co-ions themselves lead to a depletion of negative
                      ions near the DNA surface as compared to the case without
                      divalent co-ions. At large distances, the DNA–DNA
                      repulsive interaction is stronger in the presence of
                      divalent co-ions, suggesting that divalent co-ions’ role
                      is not only that of simple stronger linear screening.},
      cin          = {IAS-5 / INM-9},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-5-20120330 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-9-20140121},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000403474900002},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28190162},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10867-017-9443-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829375},
}