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@ARTICLE{Vanderborght:829450,
      author       = {Vanderborght, Jan and Fetzer, Thomas and Mosthaf, Klaus and
                      Smits, Kathleen M. and Helmig, Rainer},
      title        = {{H}eat and water transport in soils and across the
                      soil-atmosphere interface: 1. {T}heory and different model
                      concepts},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {53},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {[New York]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03149},
      pages        = {1057 - 1079},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Evaporation is an important component of the soil water
                      balance. It is composed of water flow and transport
                      processes in a porous medium that are coupled with heat
                      fluxes and free air flow. This work provides a comprehensive
                      review of model concepts used in different research fields
                      to describe evaporation. Concepts range from nonisothermal
                      two-phase flow, two-component transport in the porous medium
                      that is coupled with one-phase flow, two-component transport
                      in the free air flow to isothermal liquid water flow in the
                      porous medium with upper boundary conditions defined by a
                      potential evaporation flux when available energy and
                      transfer to the free airflow are limiting or by a critical
                      threshold water pressure when soil water availability is
                      limiting. The latter approach corresponds with the classical
                      Richards equation with mixed boundary conditions. We compare
                      the different approaches on a theoretical level by
                      identifying the underlying simplifications that are made for
                      the different compartments of the system: porous medium,
                      free flow and their interface, and by discussing how
                      processes not explicitly considered are parameterized.
                      Simplifications can be grouped into three sets depending on
                      whether lateral variations in vertical fluxes are
                      considered, whether flow and transport in the air phase in
                      the porous medium are considered, and depending on how the
                      interaction at the interface between the free flow and the
                      porous medium is represented. The consequences of the
                      simplifications are illustrated by numerical simulations in
                      an accompanying paper.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000398568800005},
      doi          = {10.1002/2016WR019982},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829450},
}