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@ARTICLE{Heinrichs:829521,
      author       = {Heinrichs, Heidi and Markewitz, Peter},
      title        = {{L}ong-term impacts of a coal phase-out in {G}ermany as
                      part of a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {192},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03206},
      pages        = {234 - 246},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Germany appears set to miss its CO2 reduction target in
                      2020. As a result, ideas for additional political measures
                      have been put forward. One such idea involves an early
                      phase-out of coal-fired power plants. However, the possible
                      impacts of such a phase-out on the energy system have not
                      yet been fully analyzed. We therefore apply a German energy
                      system model to analyze these impacts. To do so, we
                      calculate three different scenarios. The first represents a
                      business-as-usual scenario, while the second takes a coal
                      phase-out into account. The third scenario has to achieve
                      the same CO2 reduction as the second without being forced to
                      implement a coal phase-out. Our three scenarios show that a
                      definitive coal phase-out by 2040 would result in only a
                      relatively small amount of additional CO2. However, an equal
                      CO2 reduction can be obtained using a different strategy and
                      slightly lower costs. In the latter scenario, the additional
                      costs are also distributed more evenly across the sectors.
                      The sensitivities analyzed show the robustness of the
                      conclusions drawn. In summary, this analysis outlines what
                      consequences could arise by excluding several options in
                      parallel from a technology portfolio.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {153 - Assessment of Energy Systems – Addressing Issues of
                      Energy Efficiency and Energy Security (POF3-153) / CoNDyNet
                      - Kollektive Nichtlineare Dynamik Komplexer Stromnetze
                      $(PIK_082017)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-153 / $G:(Grant)PIK_082017$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000396950300018},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.065},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829521},
}