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@ARTICLE{Robinius:829549,
      author       = {Robinius, Martin and ter Stein, Felix and Schwane, Adrien
                      and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{A} {T}op-{D}own {S}patially {R}esolved {E}lectrical {L}oad
                      {M}odel},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03234},
      pages        = {361 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The increasing deployment of variable renewable energy
                      sources (VRES) is changing the source regime in the
                      electrical energy sector. However, VRES feed-in from wind
                      turbines and photovoltaic systems is dependent on the
                      weather and only partially predictable. As a result,
                      existing energy sector models must be re-evaluated and
                      adjusted as necessary. In long-term forecast models, the
                      expansion of VRES must be taken into account so that future
                      local overloads can be identified and measures taken. This
                      paper focuses on one input factor for electrical energy
                      models: the electrical load. We compare two different types
                      to describe this, namely vertical grid load and total load.
                      For the total load, an approach for a spatially-resolved
                      electrical load model is developed and applied at the
                      municipal level in Germany. This model provides detailed
                      information about the load at a quarterly-hour resolution
                      across 11,268 German municipalities. In municipalities with
                      concentrations of energy-intensive industry, high loads are
                      expected, which our simulation reproduces with a good degree
                      of accuracy. Our results also show that municipalities with
                      energy-intensive industry have a higher simulated electric
                      load than neighboring municipalities that do not host
                      energy-intensive industries. The underlying data was
                      extracted from publically accessible sources and therefore
                      the methodology introduced is also applicable to other
                      countries},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000398736700101},
      doi          = {10.3390/en10030361},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829549},
}