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@ARTICLE{Seebold:829833,
      author       = {Seebold, Sören and Eberhard, M. and Wu, Guixuan and
                      Yazhenskikh, Elena and Sergeev, Dmitry and Kolb, T. and
                      Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{T}hermophysical and{C}hemical {P}roperties of {B}ioliq
                      {S}lags},
      journal      = {Fuel},
      volume       = {197},
      issn         = {0016-2361},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03455},
      pages        = {596-604},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The challenges of future regarding the energy supply are
                      linked to the limitation of fossil fuels, the avoidance of
                      climatic relevant gases, and the worldwide increasing demand
                      for energy. Therefore, the future energy supply is
                      characterized by the increase of renewable energy: sun,
                      water, wind and biomass. Entrained flow gasification of
                      biomass is promising, since it is a highly efficient and
                      flexible process. Low-grade fuels are chemically transformed
                      at high temperatures (>1200 °C) and pressures (up to 80
                      bar) into synthetic fuels. The inorganics of the fuel are
                      converted into a slag, which forms a layer in the reactor.
                      The thermophysical and chemical properties of the slag are
                      defining the conditions and limitations of the gasification
                      process. In this study, the fundamental thermophysical
                      properties of bioliq slags are determined, in order to
                      describe the heat transfer and the flow of the slag across
                      the reactor by CDF-modelling of the bioliq-gasifier within
                      the HVIGasTech project. By using a high temperature
                      viscometer the viscosity and flow behavior of the slag were
                      determined. In addition, the density and surface tension
                      were measured by the sessile drop method. Thermometric and
                      calorimetric methods were used to provide a detailed view
                      onto the slags heat capacity and phase transitions.
                      Thermodynamic calculations using FactSage and an in-house
                      developed thermodynamic database for available solution
                      phases and compounds were performed to obtain information
                      about the ash-slag transformation.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000398669900060},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.027},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/829833},
}