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@ARTICLE{VanHoesel:830213,
      author       = {Van Hoesel, Willem and Tiefenbacher, Alexandra and König,
                      Nina and Dorn, Verena M. and Hagenguth, Julia F. and Prah,
                      Urša and Widhalm, Theresia and Wiklicky, Viktoria and
                      Koller, Robert and Bonkowski, Michael and Lagerlöf, Jan and
                      Ratzenböck, Andreas and Zaller, Johann G.},
      title        = {{S}ingle and {C}ombined {E}ffects of {P}esticide {S}eed
                      {D}ressings and {H}erbicides on {E}arthworms, {S}oil
                      {M}icroorganisms, and {L}itter {D}ecomposition},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Functional Plant Ecology},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media88991},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03787},
      pages        = {215},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Seed dressing, i.e., the treatment of crop seeds with
                      insecticides and/or fungicides, aiming to protect seeds from
                      pests and diseases, is widely used in conventional
                      agriculture. During the growing season, those crop fields
                      often receive additional broadband herbicide applications.
                      However, despite this broad utilization, very little is
                      known on potential side effects or interactions between
                      these different pesticide classes on soil organisms. In a
                      greenhouse pot experiment, we studied single and interactive
                      effects of seed dressing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum
                      L. var. Capo) with neonicotinoid insecticides and/or
                      strobilurin and triazolinthione fungicides and an additional
                      one-time application of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the
                      activity of earthworms, soil microorganisms, litter
                      decomposition, and crop growth. To further address food-web
                      interactions, earthworms were introduced to half of the
                      experimental units as an additional experimental factor.
                      Seed dressings significantly reduced the surface activity of
                      earthworms with no difference whether insecticides or
                      fungicides were used. Moreover, seed dressing effects on
                      earthworm activity were intensified by herbicides
                      (significant herbicide × seed dressing interaction).
                      Neither seed dressings nor herbicide application affected
                      litter decomposition, soil basal respiration, microbial
                      biomass, or specific respiration. Seed dressing did also not
                      affect wheat growth. We conclude that interactive effects on
                      soil biota and processes of different pesticide classes
                      should receive more attention in ecotoxicological research.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000394434100001},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28270821},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00215},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830213},
}