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@ARTICLE{Lewerenz:830255,
      author       = {Lewerenz, Meinert and Münnix, Jens and Schmalstieg,
                      Johannes and Käbitz, Stefan and Knips, Marcus and Sauer,
                      Dirk Uwe},
      title        = {{S}ystematic aging of commercial {L}i{F}e{PO}4|{G}raphite
                      cylindrical cells including a theory explaining rise of
                      capacity during aging},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {345},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03828},
      pages        = {254 - 263},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The contribution introduces a new theory explaining the
                      capacity increase that is often observed in early stages of
                      life of lithium-ion batteries. This reversible and
                      SOC-depending capacity rise is explained by the passive
                      electrode effect in this work. The theory assumes a slow,
                      compensating flow of active lithium between the passive and
                      the active part of the anode, where the passive part
                      represents the geometric excess anode with respect to the
                      cathode. The theory is validated using a systematic test of
                      50 cylindrical 8 Ah LiFePO4|Graphite battery cells analyzed
                      during cyclic and calendaric aging. The cyclic aging has
                      been performed symmetrically at 40 °C cell temperature,
                      varying current rates and DODs. The calendar aging is
                      executed at three temperatures and up to four SOCs. The
                      aging is dominated by capacity fade while the increase of
                      internal resistance is hardly influenced. Surprisingly
                      shallow cycling between 45 and $55\%$ SOC shows stronger
                      aging than aging at higher DOD and tests at 4 C exhibit less
                      aging than aging at lower C-rates. Aging mechanisms at 60
                      °C seem to deviate from those at 40 °C or lower.The data
                      of this aging matrix is used for further destructive and
                      non-destructive characterization in future contributions.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000397355500028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.133},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830255},
}