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@PHDTHESIS{Esat:830284,
author = {Esat, Taner},
title = {{T}ailoring {M}olecular {M}agnetism},
volume = {145},
school = {RWTH Aachen},
type = {Dr.},
address = {Jülich},
publisher = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
reportid = {FZJ-2017-03857},
isbn = {978-3-95806-240-5},
series = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
pages = {VIII, 163 S.},
year = {2017},
note = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2017},
abstract = {The invention of the modern computer in the 20th century
has significantly changed our way of living and ushered in a
new epoch of information technology – the Information age.
When Konrad Zuse completed the first programmable, fully
automatic and digital computer, the Z3, in Berlin in 1941
[1] it would have been impossible to imagine how computers
would become part of our daily lives. Although the
computational power of the first computers back then is
actually comparable with modern pocket calculators, they
were enormous and consumed a lot of power. For example the
Z3, which was based on 2000 electromechanical relays,
operated at a clock frequency of only 5 − 10 Hz and had a
power consumption of 4000W [1]. The first electronic
programmable computer, the ENIAC, was presented in the USA
in 1946 and used vacuum tubes instead of electromechanical
relays. It was one thousand times faster than the
electromechanical computers at that time, but it also had a
power consumption of 150 kW and needed a space of
approximately 170m2 [2]. Nowadays personal computers have
typically clock frequencies of about 2−3 GHz, fit easily
in a backpack and have a power consumption of only several
hundreds of Watts in spite of much larger computational
power. These values impressively show the rapid development
of the computer technology within the last decades. The
corner stone for this rapid development was laid by the
American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and
William Shockley when they built the first transistor in
1947. The transistor rolled up the field of electronics and
paved the way to smaller, more powerful, less power
consuming and cheaper electronic devices. For their
achievement they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1956. The transistor found its way into computer design
already a few years after its invention and replaced vacuum
tubes. The first fully transistorized computer was built in
the group of Kilburn at Manchester University in 1953 [3].
Ultimately, the invention of the integrated circuit (IC) by
Jack Kilby in 1958 led to a breakthrough in the commercial
and personal use of computers. The fabrication of ICs by
photolithography allowed a huge number of tiny electronic
circuits and components, e.g. transistors, to be embedded on
a small plate. This offered the possibility of an easy and
low cost mass production of personal computers [...]},
cin = {PGI-3},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-3-20110106},
pnm = {143 - Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2017-04086},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830284},
}