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@ARTICLE{Andr:830389,
      author       = {Andrä, Michael and Dvořák, Filip and Vorokhta, Mykhailo
                      and Nemšák, Slavomír and Matolín, Vladimír and
                      Schneider, Claus M. and Dittmann, Regina and Gunkel, Felix
                      and Müller, David and Waser, R.},
      title        = {{O}xygen partial pressure dependence of surface space
                      charge formation in donor-doped {S}r{T}i{O} 321},
      journal      = {APL materials},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2166-532X},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {AIP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-03942},
      pages        = {056106 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In this study, we investigated the electronic surface
                      structure of donor-doped strontium titanate. Homoepitaxial
                      0.5 $wt. \%$ donor-doped SrTiO3 thin films were analyzed
                      by in situ near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron
                      spectroscopy at a temperature of 770 K and oxygen pressures
                      up to 5 mbar. Upon exposure to an oxygen atmosphere at
                      elevated temperatures, we observed a rigid binding energy
                      shift of up to 0.6 eV towards lower binding energies with
                      respect to vacuum conditions for all SrTiO3 core level peaks
                      and the valence band maximum with increasing oxygen
                      pressure. The rigid shift is attributed to a relative shift
                      of the Fermi energy towards the valence band concomitant
                      with a negative charge accumulation at the surface,
                      resulting in a compensating electron depletion layer in the
                      near surface region. Charge trapping effects solely based on
                      carbon contaminants are unlikely due to their irreversible
                      desorption under the given experimental conditions. In
                      addition, simple reoxygenation of oxygen vacancies can be
                      ruled out as the high niobium dopant concentration dominates
                      the electronic properties of the material. Instead, the
                      negative surface charge may be provided by the formation of
                      cation vacancies or the formation of charged oxygen
                      adsorbates at the surface. Our results clearly indicate a
                      pO2-dependent surface space charge formation in donor-doped
                      SrTiO3 in oxidizing conditions.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / PGI-6},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106},
      pnm          = {521 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena
                      (POF3-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-521},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000402754200019},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.4983618},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830389},
}