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@ARTICLE{Sieben:830494,
      author       = {Sieben, Anna and Schumann, Jette and Seyfried, Armin},
      title        = {{C}ollective phenomena in crowds—{W}here pedestrian
                      dynamics need social psychology},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-04035},
      pages        = {e0177328 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {This article is on collective phenomena in pedestrian
                      dynamics during the assembling and dispersal of gatherings.
                      To date pedestrian dynamics have been primarily studied in
                      the natural and engineering sciences. Pedestrians are
                      analyzed and modeled as driven particles revealing
                      self-organizing phenomena and complex transport
                      characteristics. However, pedestrians in crowds also behave
                      as living beings according to stimulus-response mechanisms
                      or act as human subjects on the basis of social norms,
                      social identities or strategies. To show where pedestrian
                      dynamics need social psychology in addition to the natural
                      sciences we propose the application of three
                      categories–phenomena, behavior and action. They permit a
                      clear discrimination between situations in which minimal
                      models from the natural sciences are appropriate and those
                      in which sociological and psychological concepts are needed.
                      To demonstrate the necessity of this framework, an
                      experiment in which a large group of people (n = 270) enters
                      a concert hall through two different spatial barrier
                      structures is analyzed. These two structures correspond to
                      everyday situations such as boarding trains and access to
                      immigration desks. Methods from the natural and social
                      sciences are applied. Firstly, physical measurements show
                      the influence of the spatial structure on the dynamics of
                      the entrance procedure. Density, waiting time and speed of
                      progress show large variations. Secondly, a questionnaire
                      study (n = 60) reveals how people perceive and evaluate
                      these entrance situations. Markedly different expectations,
                      social norms and strategies are associated with the two
                      spatial structures. The results from the questionnaire study
                      do not always conform to objective physical measures,
                      indicating the limitations of models which are based on
                      objective physical measures alone and which neglect
                      subjective perspectives.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000402880700007},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28591142},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0177328},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830494},
}