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@ARTICLE{Huber:830535,
      author       = {Huber, A. and Wiesen, S. and Bernert, M. and Brezinsek, S.
                      and Chankin, A. V. and Sergienko, G. and Huber, V. and
                      Abreu, P. and Boboc, A. and Brix, M. and Carralero, D. and
                      Delabie, E. and Eich, T. and Esser, H. G. and Guillemaut, C.
                      and Jachmich, S. and Joffrin, E. and Kallenbach, A. and
                      Kruezi, U. and Lang, P. and Linsmeier, Ch. and Lowry, C. G.
                      and Maggi, C. F. and Matthews, G. F. and Meigs, A. G. and
                      Mertens, Ph. and Reimold, F. and Schweinzer, J. and Sips, G.
                      and Stamp, M. and Viezzer, E. and Wischmeier, M. and Zohm,
                      H.},
      title        = {{T}he effect of the isotope on the {H}-mode density limit},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {57},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-04067},
      pages        = {086007 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In order to understand the mechanisms for the H-mode
                      density limit in machines with fully metallic walls,
                      systematic investigations of H-mode density limit plasmas in
                      experiments with deuterium and hydrogen external gas
                      fuelling have been performed on JET-ILW.The observed H-mode
                      density limit on JET in D- as well as in H-plasmas
                      demonstrates similar operation phases: the stable H-mode
                      phase, degrading H-mode, breakdown of the H-mode with energy
                      confinement deterioration accompanied by a dithering cycling
                      phase, followed by the L-mode phase.The density limit is not
                      related to an inward collapse of the hot core plasma due to
                      an overcooling of the plasma periphery by radiation. Indeed,
                      independently of the isotopic effect, the total radiated
                      power stay almost constant during the H-mode phase until the
                      H-L back transition. It was observed in D- and H-plasmas
                      that neither detachment, nor the X-point MARFE itself do
                      trigger the H-L transition and that they thus do not present
                      a limit on the plasma density. It is the plasma confinement,
                      most likely determined by edge parameters, which is
                      ultimately responsible for the H-mode DL.By comparing
                      similar discharges but fuelled with either deuterium or
                      hydrogen, we have found that the H-mode density limit
                      exhibits a dependence on the isotope mass: the density limit
                      is up to $35\%$ lower in hydrogen compared to similar
                      deuterium plasma conditions (the obtained density limit is
                      in agreement with the Greenwald limit for D-plasma). In
                      addition, the density limit is nearly independent of the
                      applied power both in deuterium or hydrogen fuelling
                      conditions.The measured Greenwald fractions are consistent
                      with the predictions from a theoretical model based on an
                      MHD instability theory in the near-SOL. The JET operational
                      domains are significantly broadened when increasing the
                      plasma effective mass (e.g. tritium or deuterium–tritium
                      operation), i.e. the L to H power threshold is reduced
                      whereas the density limit for the L-mode back transition is
                      increased.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / JSC / ICS-3},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000403340600006},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/aa663a},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/830535},
}