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@ARTICLE{Linsmeier:834316,
      author       = {Linsmeier, Ch. and Unterberg, B. and Coenen, J. W. and
                      Doerner, R. P. and Greuner, H. and Kreter, A. and Linke, J.
                      and Maier, H.},
      title        = {{M}aterial testing facilities and programs for {PFC}
                      testing},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {57(9)},
      issn         = {0029-5515},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-04295},
      pages        = {092012},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Component development for operation in a large-scale fusion
                      device requires thorough testing and qualification for the
                      intended operational conditions. In particular environments
                      are necessary which are comparable to the real operation
                      conditions, allowing at the same time for in situ/in vacuo
                      diagnostics and flexible operation, even beyond design
                      limits during the testing. Various electron and neutral
                      particle devices provide the capabilities for high heat load
                      tests, suited for material samples and components from
                      lab-scale dimensions up to full-size parts, containing toxic
                      materials like beryllium, and being activated by neutron
                      irradiation. To simulate the conditions specific to a fusion
                      plasma both at the first wall and in the divertor of fusion
                      devices, linear plasma devices allow for a test of erosion
                      and hydrogen isotope recycling behavior under well-defined
                      and controlled conditions. Finally, the complex conditions
                      in a fusion device (including the effects caused by magnetic
                      fields) are exploited for component and material tests by
                      exposing test mock-ups or material samples to a fusion
                      plasma by manipulator systems. They allow for easy exchange
                      of test pieces in a tokamak or stellarator device, without
                      opening the vessel. Such a chain of test devices and
                      qualification procedures is required for the development of
                      plasma-facing components which then can be successfully
                      operated in future fusion power devices. The various
                      available as well as newly planned devices and test stands,
                      together with their specific capabilities, are presented in
                      this manuscript. Results from experimental programs on test
                      facilities illustrate their significance for the
                      qualification of plasma-facing materials and components. An
                      extended set of references provides access to the current
                      status of material and component testing capabilities in the
                      international fusion programs},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000407854600012},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/aa4feb},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/834316},
}