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@ARTICLE{Mehmood:834636,
      author       = {Mehmood, Khalid and Chávez Garcia, Elizabeth and
                      Schirrmann, Michael and Ladd, Brenton and Kammann, Claudia
                      and Wrage-Mönnig, Nicole and Siebe, Christina and
                      Estavillo, Jose M. and Fuertes-Mendizabal, Teresa and
                      Cayuela, Mariluz and Sigua, Gilbert and Spokas, Kurt and
                      Cowie, Annette L. and Novak, Jeff and Ippolito, James A. and
                      Borchard, Nils},
      title        = {{B}iochar research activities and their relation to
                      development and environmental quality. {A} meta-analysis},
      journal      = {Agronomy for sustainable development},
      volume       = {37},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1773-0155},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-04543},
      pages        = {22},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Biochar is the solid product that results from pyrolysis of
                      organic materials. Its addition to highly weathered soils
                      changes physico-chemical soil properties, improves soil
                      functions and enhances crop yields. Highly weathered soils
                      are typical of humid tropics where agricultural productivity
                      is low and needs to be raised to reduce human hunger and
                      poverty. However, impact of biochar research on scientists,
                      politicians and end-users in poor tropical countries remains
                      unknown; assessing needs and interests on biochar is
                      essential to develop reliable knowledge transfer/translation
                      mechanisms. The aim of this publication is to present
                      results of a meta-analysis conducted to (1) survey global
                      biochar research published between 2010 and 2014 to assess
                      its relation to human development and environmental quality,
                      and (2) deduce, based on the results of this analysis,
                      priorities required to assess and promote the role of
                      biochar in the development of adapted and sustainable
                      agronomic methods. Our main findings reveal for the very
                      first time that: (1) biochar research associated with less
                      developed countries focused on biochar production
                      technologies (26.5 ± $0.7\%),$ then on biochars’ impact
                      on chemical soil properties (18.7 ± $1.2\%),$ and on plant
                      productivity (17.1 ± $2.6\%);$ (2) China dominated biochar
                      research activities among the medium developed countries
                      focusing on biochar production technologies (26.8 ±
                      $0.5\%)$ and on use of biochar as sorbent for organic and
                      inorganic compounds (29.1 ± $0.4\%);$ and (3) the majority
                      of biochar research $(69.0±2.9\%)$ was associated with
                      highly developed countries that are able to address a higher
                      diversity of questions. Evidently, less developed countries
                      are eager to improve soil fertility and agricultural
                      productivity, which requires transfer and/or translation of
                      biochar knowledge acquired in highly developed countries.
                      Yet, improving local research capacities and encouraging
                      synergies across scientific disciplines and countries are
                      crucial to foster development of sustainable agronomy in
                      less developed countries.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000404612300008},
      doi          = {10.1007/s13593-017-0430-1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/834636},
}