000834652 001__ 834652 000834652 005__ 20210129230720.0 000834652 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1098/rstb.2016.0245 000834652 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0080-4622 000834652 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0264-3839 000834652 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0264-3960 000834652 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0962-8436 000834652 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1471-2970 000834652 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000404628900013 000834652 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:21484996 000834652 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:28673921 000834652 037__ $$aFZJ-2017-04556 000834652 082__ $$a570 000834652 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)145756$$aVogeley, Kai$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000834652 245__ $$aTwo social brains: neural mechanisms of intersubjectivity 000834652 260__ $$aLondon$$c2017 000834652 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000834652 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000834652 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1499686516_7966 000834652 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000834652 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000834652 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000834652 520__ $$aIt is the aim of this article to present an empirically justified hypothesis about the functional roles of the two social neural systems, namely the so-called ‘mirror neuron system’ (MNS) and the ‘mentalizing system’ (MENT, also ‘theory of mind network’ or ‘social neural network’). Both systems are recruited during cognitive processes that are either related to interaction or communication with other conspecifics, thereby constituting intersubjectivity. The hypothesis is developed in the following steps: first, the fundamental distinction that we make between persons and things is introduced; second, communication is presented as the key process that allows us to interact with others; third, the capacity to ‘mentalize’ or to understand the inner experience of others is emphasized as the fundamental cognitive capacity required to establish successful communication. On this background, it is proposed that MNS serves comparably early stages of social information processing related to the ‘detection’ of spatial or bodily signals, whereas MENT is recruited during comparably late stages of social information processing related to the ‘evaluation’ of emotional and psychological states of others. This hypothesis of MNS as a social detection system and MENT as a social evaluation system is illustrated by findings in the field of psychopathology. 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