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@ARTICLE{Sabass:835084,
      author       = {Sabass, Benedikt and Koch, Matthias D. and Liu, Guannan and
                      Stone, Howard A. and Shaevitz, Joshua W.},
      title        = {{F}orce generation by groups of migrating bacteria},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {114},
      number       = {28},
      issn         = {1091-6490},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {National Acad. of Sciences},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-04952},
      pages        = {7266 - 7271},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {From colony formation in bacteria to wound healing and
                      embryonic development in multicellular organisms, groups of
                      living cells must often move collectively. Although
                      considerable study has probed the biophysical mechanisms of
                      how eukaryotic cells generate forces during migration,
                      little such study has been devoted to bacteria, in
                      particular with regard to the question of how bacteria
                      generate and coordinate forces during collective motion.
                      This question is addressed here using traction force
                      microscopy. We study two distinct motility mechanisms of
                      Myxococcus xanthus, namely, twitching and gliding. For
                      twitching, powered by type-IV pilus retraction, we find that
                      individual cells exert local traction in small hotspots with
                      forces on the order of 50 pN. Twitching bacterial groups
                      also produce traction hotspots, but with forces around 100
                      pN that fluctuate rapidly on timescales of <1.5 min.
                      Gliding, the second motility mechanism, is driven by lateral
                      transport of substrate adhesions. When cells are isolated,
                      gliding produces low average traction on the order of 1 Pa.
                      However, traction is amplified approximately fivefold in
                      groups. Advancing protrusions of gliding cells push, on
                      average, in the direction of motion. Together, these results
                      show that the forces generated during twitching and gliding
                      have complementary characters, and both forces have higher
                      values when cells are in groups.},
      cin          = {ICS-2},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {553 - Physical Basis of Diseases (POF3-553)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-553},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000405177100055},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28655845},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1621469114},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/835084},
}