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@ARTICLE{Ding:835983,
      author       = {Ding, R. and Rudakov, D. L. and Stangeby, P. C. and
                      Wampler, W. R. and Abrams, T. and Brezinsek, S. and
                      Briesemeister, A. and Bykov, I. and Chan, V. S. and Chrobak,
                      C. P. and Elder, J. D. and Guo, H. Y. and Guterl, J. and
                      Kirschner, A. and Lasnier, C. J. and Leonard, A. W. and
                      Makowski, M. A. and McLean, A. G. and Snyder, P. B. and
                      Thomas, D. M. and Tskhakaya, D. and Unterberg, E. A. and
                      Wang, H. Q. and Watkins, J. G.},
      title        = {{A}dvances in understanding of high- {Z} material erosion
                      and re-deposition in low- {Z} wall environment in
                      {DIII}-{D}},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {57},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1741-4326},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05108},
      pages        = {056016 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Dedicated DIII-D experiments coupled with modeling reveal
                      that the net erosion rate of high-Z materials, i.e. Mo and
                      W, is strongly affected by carbon concentration in the
                      plasma and the magnetic pre-sheath properties. Different
                      methods such as electrical biasing and local gas injection
                      have been investigated to control high-Z material erosion.
                      The net erosion rate of high-Z materials is significantly
                      reduced due to the high local re-deposition ratio. The ERO
                      modeling shows that the local re-deposition ratio is mainly
                      controlled by the electric field and plasma density within
                      the magnetic pre-sheath. The net erosion can be
                      significantly suppressed by reducing the sheath potential
                      drop. A high carbon impurity concentration in the background
                      plasma is also found to reduce the net erosion rate of
                      high-Z materials. Both DIII-D experiments and modeling show
                      that local 13CH4 injection can create a carbon coating on
                      the metal surface. The profile of 13C deposition provides
                      quantitative information on radial transport due to
                      E  ×  B drift and the cross-field diffusion. The
                      deuterium gas injection upstream of the W sample can reduce
                      W net erosion rate by plasma perturbation. In H-mode
                      plasmas, the measured inter-ELM W erosion rates at different
                      radial locations are well reproduced by ERO modeling taking
                      into account charge-state-resolved carbon ion flux in the
                      background plasma calculated using the OEDGE code.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000399125300003},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/aa6451},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/835983},
}