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@ARTICLE{Yuan:836040,
      author       = {Yuan, Y. and Greuner, H. and Böswirth, B. and Linsmeier,
                      Ch. and Luo, G.-N. and Fu, B. Q. and Xu, H. Y. and Shen, Z.
                      J. and Liu, W.},
      title        = {{S}urface modification of molten {W} exposed to high heat
                      flux helium neutral beams},
      journal      = {Journal of nuclear materials},
      volume       = {437},
      number       = {1-3},
      issn         = {0022-3115},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05165},
      pages        = {297 - 302},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {High heat flux tests with central heat flux of 10.5 MW/m2
                      using helium neutral beams have been carried out on rolled
                      tungsten. The energy of helium particles is 33 keV and the
                      particle flux is 2 × 1021 m−2 s−1. An 80 × 65 × 3 mm3
                      rolled tungsten plate is firstly exposed to a 4.6 s pulse
                      resulting in partially molten surfaces. Thereafter the
                      tungsten plate is irradiated by several helium pulses with
                      fluences of 1.2–2.5 × 1022/m2 and peak temperatures from
                      1450 to 2590 °C. The experiments show that: (1)
                      helium-induced surface modification of the resolidified
                      tungsten surface is very different from that of the
                      non-molten surface; (2) the surface morphology of molten
                      surface is closely related to the orientation of the
                      resolidified grain; (3) the evolution of surface
                      modifications, for both of the molten and non-molten
                      tungsten surfaces, indicates a strong dependence on the
                      surface temperature and local helium fluence.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000319172200044},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.02.043},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836040},
}