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@ARTICLE{Schiedung:836057,
      author       = {Schiedung, H. and Tilly, N. and Hütt, C. and Welp, G. and
                      Brüggemann, N. and Amelung, W.},
      title        = {{S}patial controls of topsoil and subsoil organic carbon
                      turnover under {C}$_{3}$ –{C}$_{4}$ vegetation change},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {303},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05181},
      pages        = {44 - 51},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Soil organic carbon (SOC) is often heterogeneously
                      distributed in arable fields and so is probably its
                      turnover. We hypothesized that the spatial patterns of SOC
                      turnover are controlled by basic soil properties like soil
                      texture and the amount of rock fragments. To test this
                      hypothesis, we cultivated maize as a C4 plant on a
                      heterogeneous arable field (155 × 60 m) that had formerly
                      been solely cultivated with C3 crops, and monitored the
                      incorporation of isotopically heavier maize-derived C into
                      SOC by stable 13C isotope analyses. To obtain a homogeneous
                      input of C4 biomass into the C3 soil across the field, we
                      chopped the aboveground maize biomass after harvest in
                      autumn and re-spread it uniformly over the field.
                      Subsequently, the soil was grubbed and then ploughed in the
                      next spring. In addition, we assessed the spatial patterns
                      of SOC stocks, amount of rock fragments and texture, as well
                      as potential soil organic matter (SOM) degradability by
                      ex-situ soil respiration measurements. Heterogeneity of
                      maize growth was monitored as a covariate using laser
                      scanning and satellite images. After two years, maize C had
                      substituted 7.4 ± $3.2\%$ of SOC in the topsoil (0–30 cm)
                      and 2.9 ± $1.7\%$ of SOC in the subsoil (30–50 cm).
                      Assuming that monoexponential decay mainly drove this SOC
                      substitution, this resulted in mean residence times (MRT) of
                      SOC in the range of 30 ± 12 years for the topsoil and of 87
                      ± 45 years for the subsoil, respectively. Variation in
                      topsoil MRT was related to potential CO2 release during soil
                      incubation (R2 = 0.51), but not to basic soil properties. In
                      the subsoil, in contrast, the variation of maize C
                      incorporation into the SOC pool was controlled by variations
                      in maize yield (R2 = 0.44), which also exhibited a
                      pronounced spatial variability (0.84 to 1.94 kg dry biomass
                      m−2), and which was negatively correlated with the amount
                      of rock fragments (R2 = 0.48, p < 0.001). We assume that
                      heterogeneous input of belowground root biomass blurs the
                      causal interactions between the spatial heterogeneity of
                      soil properties and the related patterns of SOC turnover,
                      and conclude that spatial patterns of SOC turnover are not
                      easily predictable by standard soil analyses.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000404496200006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836057},
}