TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remonsellez, Francisco
AU  - Zarrias, Nicole
AU  - Bol, Roland
AU  - Fuentes, Bárbara
TI  - Characterization and low-cost treatment of an industrial arid soil polluted with lead sulfide in northern Chile
JO  - Environmental earth sciences
VL  - 76
IS  - 7
SN  - 1866-6299
CY  - Berlin
PB  - Springer
M1  - FZJ-2017-05188
SP  - 294
PY  - 2017
AB  - Lead (Pb) dust exposure can have detrimental environmental and human health effects. Improperly enclosed stockpiles of Pb concentrates can cause dust emissions, subsequent pollution of the soil and environmental risk. The aim of this work was to study Pb form, distribution and immobilization (by using eggshell and seashell) in an industrial arid soil near a storage area of Pb mineral concentrates in northern Chile. High amounts of sulfur (S; 9900 mg kg−1) and Pb (6530 mg kg−1) were found in the polluted soil. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a lead sulfide (PbS: galena). Metallic Pb particles, which were between 41 and 46 µm, were identified in the soil. After eggshell and seashell (20%) were applied, the soil pH increased from 6.0 to 7.84 and 8.07, respectively. In the studied soil, the leaching test showed a 59 mg L−1 average Pb extractable concentration. After 240 days, extractable Pb by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure decreased to 4.79 mg L−1 (93.3%) with the application of seashell at 20% compared with a decrease of 33.33 mg L−1 (53.6%) using eggshell. Pb in the polluted soil was mainly found in the exchangeable fraction (66%), followed by the reducible (24%), residual (7%) and oxidizable (6%) fractions. According to the risk assessment code, the contaminated soil before treatment was classified as very high risk. Adding eggshell (20%) and seashell (20%) decreased the exchangeable fractions to 39 and 35%, respectively. Applying these liming materials achieved Pb immobilization in the soil, but the soil remained in the high environmental risk category. We conclude that the application of seashell waste, resulting from high aquaculture activity, opens an interesting window to the treatment of contaminated arid soils.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000399674700031
DO  - DOI:10.1007/s12665-017-6617-6
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836064
ER  -