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@ARTICLE{Remonsellez:836064,
      author       = {Remonsellez, Francisco and Zarrias, Nicole and Bol, Roland
                      and Fuentes, Bárbara},
      title        = {{C}haracterization and low-cost treatment of an industrial
                      arid soil polluted with lead sulfide in northern {C}hile},
      journal      = {Environmental earth sciences},
      volume       = {76},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1866-6299},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05188},
      pages        = {294},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Lead (Pb) dust exposure can have detrimental environmental
                      and human health effects. Improperly enclosed stockpiles of
                      Pb concentrates can cause dust emissions, subsequent
                      pollution of the soil and environmental risk. The aim of
                      this work was to study Pb form, distribution and
                      immobilization (by using eggshell and seashell) in an
                      industrial arid soil near a storage area of Pb mineral
                      concentrates in northern Chile. High amounts of sulfur (S;
                      9900 mg kg−1) and Pb (6530 mg kg−1) were found in the
                      polluted soil. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
                      analysis revealed a lead sulfide (PbS: galena). Metallic Pb
                      particles, which were between 41 and 46 µm, were identified
                      in the soil. After eggshell and seashell $(20\%)$ were
                      applied, the soil pH increased from 6.0 to 7.84 and 8.07,
                      respectively. In the studied soil, the leaching test showed
                      a 59 mg L−1 average Pb extractable concentration. After
                      240 days, extractable Pb by toxicity characteristics
                      leaching procedure decreased to 4.79 mg L−1 $(93.3\%)$
                      with the application of seashell at $20\%$ compared with a
                      decrease of 33.33 mg L−1 $(53.6\%)$ using eggshell. Pb in
                      the polluted soil was mainly found in the exchangeable
                      fraction $(66\%),$ followed by the reducible $(24\%),$
                      residual $(7\%)$ and oxidizable $(6\%)$ fractions. According
                      to the risk assessment code, the contaminated soil before
                      treatment was classified as very high risk. Adding eggshell
                      $(20\%)$ and seashell $(20\%)$ decreased the exchangeable
                      fractions to 39 and $35\%,$ respectively. Applying these
                      liming materials achieved Pb immobilization in the soil, but
                      the soil remained in the high environmental risk category.
                      We conclude that the application of seashell waste,
                      resulting from high aquaculture activity, opens an
                      interesting window to the treatment of contaminated arid
                      soils.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000399674700031},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12665-017-6617-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836064},
}