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@ARTICLE{Greer:8362,
      author       = {Greer, D.H. and Thorpe, M.R.},
      title        = {{L}eaf photosynthetic and solar-tracking responses of
                      mallow, {M}alva parviflora, to photon flux density},
      journal      = {Plant physiology and biochemistry},
      volume       = {47},
      issn         = {0981-9428},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-8362},
      pages        = {946 - 953},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {We thank Wayne Scott for technical assistance for this
                      project. The study was also technically supported by Evert
                      Van Thoor while on an Internship from Wageningen University
                      and Research Centre for a Masters degree in Agricultural
                      Engineering. We also thank SAS Australia for their generous
                      support to the senior author for supplying software.},
      abstract     = {Malva parviflora L. (mallow) is a species that occupies
                      high-light habitats as a weedy invader in orchards and
                      vineyards. Species of the Malvaceae are known to solar track
                      and anecdotal evidence suggests this species may also. How
                      M. parviflora responds physiologically to light in
                      comparison with other species within the Malvaceae remains
                      unknown. Tracking and photosynthetic responses to photon
                      flux density (PFD) were evaluated on plants grown in
                      greenhouse conditions. Tracking ability was assessed in the
                      growth conditions and by exposing leaves to specific light
                      intensities and measuring changes in the angle of the leaf
                      plane. Light responses were also determined by
                      photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Leaves followed
                      a heliotropic response which was highly PFD-dependent, with
                      tracking rates increasing in a curvilinear pattern. Maximum
                      tracking rates were up to 20 degrees h(-1) and saturated for
                      light above 1,300 micromol (photons) m(-2) s(-1). This
                      high-light saturation, both for tracking (much higher than
                      the other species), and for photosynthesis, confirmed mallow
                      as a high-light demanding species. Further, because there
                      was no photoinhibition, the leaves could capture the
                      potential of an increased carbon gain in higher irradiance
                      by resorting to solar tracking. Modelling suggested the
                      tracking response could increase the annual carbon gain by
                      as much as $25\%$ compared with leaves that do not track the
                      sun. The various leaf attributes associated with solar
                      tracking, therefore, help to account for the success of this
                      species as a weed in many locations worldwide.},
      keywords     = {Carbon: metabolism / Chlorophyll: chemistry / Chlorophyll:
                      metabolism / Ecosystem / Fluorescence / Malva: metabolism /
                      Malva: physiology / Models, Biological / Photons /
                      Photosynthesis: radiation effects / Plant Leaves: metabolism
                      / Plant Leaves: physiology / Seasons / Sunlight / Time
                      Factors / Chlorophyll (NLM Chemicals) / Carbon (NLM
                      Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICG-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19576789},
      UT           = {WOS:000269586400011},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.06.002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/8362},
}