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@ARTICLE{Dubinko:836434,
      author       = {Dubinko, A. and Terentyev, D. and Bakaeva, A. and
                      Hernández-Mayoral, M. and De Temmerman, G. and Buzi, L. and
                      Noterdaeme, J.-M. and Unterberg, B.},
      title        = {{S}ub-surface microstructure of single and polycrystalline
                      tungsten after high flux plasma exposure studied by {TEM}},
      journal      = {Applied surface science},
      volume       = {393},
      issn         = {0169-4332},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05555},
      pages        = {330 - 339},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {We have performed high flux plasma exposure of tungsten and
                      subsequent microstructural characterization using
                      transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The aim
                      was to reveal the nanometric features in the sub-surface
                      region as well as to compare the microstructural evolution
                      in tungsten single crystal and ITER-relevant specification.
                      In both types of samples, TEM examination revealed the
                      formation of a dense dislocation network and dislocation
                      tangles. The estimated dislocation density in the
                      sub-surface region was of the order of 1014 m−2 and it
                      gradually decreased with a depth position of the examined
                      sample. Besides individual dislocation lines, networks and
                      tangles, the interstitial dislocation loops have been
                      observed in all examined samples only after the exposure.
                      Contrary to that, examination of the pristine single crystal
                      W and backside of the plasma-exposed samples did not reveal
                      the presence of dislocation loops and tangles. This clearly
                      proves that high flux plasma exposure induces severe plastic
                      deformation in the sub-surface region irrespective of the
                      presence of initial dislocations and sub-grains, and the
                      formation of dislocation tangles, networks and interstitial
                      loops is a co-product of thermal stress and intensive plasma
                      particles uptake.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000389090700038},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.071},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836434},
}