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@ARTICLE{Shams:836621,
      author       = {Shams, S. Fatemeh and Kashefi, Mehrdad and
                      Schmitz-Antoniak, Carolin},
      title        = {{S}tatistical approach of synthesize {C}o{F}e 2 {O} 4
                      nanoparticles to optimize their characteristics using
                      response surface methodology},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials},
      volume       = {432},
      issn         = {0304-8853},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {North-Holland Publ. Co.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05694},
      pages        = {362 - 372},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The performance of magnetic nanoparticles in different
                      applications is severely depended on their size
                      characteristics, so the study of effective parameters on
                      these properties can play significant roles in
                      qualifications of nanoparticles. In present work, some
                      important factors on size features of CoFe2O4
                      superparamagnetic nanoparticles include the mixing order of
                      synthesis components, the utilized reduction agents,
                      stabilization process, and chelating mechanisms were
                      investigated. Moreover, in order to optimize several
                      influential factors such as the temperature, pH, and cation
                      ratio of reaction, the experimental design was done by using
                      central composite design method of response surface
                      methodology. The simultaneous effects on the particles size
                      and their size distribution were investigated by different
                      methods i.e. dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction,
                      Fourier transform inferred spectroscopy, vibration sample
                      magnetometer, and transmission electron microscopy. Results
                      demonstrated the mixing order of reduction agent to salt
                      solution and also the employing of NH4OH as a reduction
                      agent could cause to significant decreasing of particles
                      size and size distribution. Furthermore, the nitric acid
                      could stabilize and chelate nanoparticles more appropriate
                      than citric acid. Based on the optimization results, the
                      quadratic polynomial models were fitted on the responses
                      which could predict their amounts, while temperature, pH,
                      and their interactions had higher effectiveness. In
                      addition, the optimum amounts of particle size (14 nm) and
                      size distribution (4.61 nm) were achieved while temperature,
                      pH, and cation ratio amounts are equal to 89.82 °C, 11, and
                      0.52, respectively},
      cin          = {PGI-6},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106},
      pnm          = {522 - Controlling Spin-Based Phenomena (POF3-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-522},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000399601600054},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.02.017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836621},
}