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@ARTICLE{Freimuth:836633,
      author       = {Freimuth, Frank and Blügel, Stefan and Mokrousov, Yuriy},
      title        = {{R}elation of the {D}zyaloshinskii-{M}oriya interaction to
                      spin currents and to the spin-orbit field},
      journal      = {Physical review / B},
      volume       = {96},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2469-9950},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-05706},
      pages        = {054403},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Starting from the general Berry phase theory of the
                      Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) we derive an
                      expression for the linear contribution of the spin-orbit
                      interaction (SOI). Thereby, we show analytically that at the
                      first order in SOI DMI is given by the ground-state spin
                      current. We verify this finding numerically by ab initio
                      calculations in Mn/W(001) and Co/Pt(111) magnetic bilayers.
                      We show that despite the strong SOI from the 5d heavy
                      metals, DMI is well-approximated by the first order in SOI,
                      while the ground-state spin current is not. We decompose the
                      SOI-linear contribution to DMI into two parts. One part has
                      a simple interpretation in terms of the Zeeman interaction
                      between the spin-orbit field and the spin misalignment that
                      electrons acquire in magnetically noncollinear textures.
                      This interpretation provides also an intuitive understanding
                      of the symmetry of DMI on the basis of the spin-orbit field
                      and it explains in a simple way why DMI and ground-state
                      spin currents are related. Moreover, we show that energy
                      currents driven by magnetization dynamics and associated to
                      DMI can be explained by counter-propagating spin currents
                      that carry energy due to their Zeeman interaction with the
                      spin-orbit field. Finally, we discuss options to modify DMI
                      by nonequilibrium spin currents excited by electric fields
                      or light.},
      cin          = {IAS-1 / PGI-1 / JARA-FIT / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {142 - Controlling Spin-Based Phenomena (POF3-142) / 143 -
                      Controlling Configuration-Based Phenomena (POF3-143) /
                      Magnetic Anisotropy of Metallic Layered Systems and
                      Nanostructures $(jiff13_20131101)$ / Topological transport
                      in real materials from ab initio $(jias12_20121101)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-142 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-143 /
                      $G:(DE-Juel1)jiff13_20131101$ /
                      $G:(DE-Juel1)jias12_20121101$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000406750900004},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.96.054403},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/836633},
}