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@PHDTHESIS{Belu:837121,
      author       = {Belu, Andreea Anamaria},
      title        = {{N}eurons on 3{D} {P}olymer {N}anostructures},
      volume       = {161},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zenralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06110},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-296-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
                      Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
      pages        = {VII, 135 S.},
      year         = {2018},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2017},
      abstract     = {The interface between living cells and artificial surfaces
                      is highly relevant for biomedical applications such as
                      implants and organized cell growth for tissue reconstruction
                      as well as for basic science purposes. The topography of
                      implantable biomaterials is critical for optimizing the
                      electrical coupling between cells and device surface. One
                      way to modulate cellular responses is to vary surface
                      topographies. Instructive biomaterials with different
                      surface topographies can regulate cellular behavior from
                      initial attachment and further dictate the response of
                      surrounding tissue. A considerable attention was directed
                      towards 3D micro- and nanostructured polymers. In this
                      study, the influence of isotropic andanisotropic 3D polymer
                      surfaces on the adhesion and maturation of primary neurons
                      ispresented. This work mainly consists of three parts: the
                      3D micro- and nanostructured polymer fabrication and
                      characterization, followed by the evaluation of the
                      influence of surface topographies on neuronal behaviour
                      responses. Additionally, a novel resin embedding procedure
                      was developed for morphological visualization of neuron
                      interface with 3D surfaces at the nanoscale. Particular
                      attention was given to the cell membrane wrapping around the
                      nanostructures studied by scanning electron microscopy and
                      focused ion beam sectioning. First, a reliable method for
                      the fabrication of 3D structures was established with the
                      possibility of using large range of sizes and heights (on 1
                      cm$^{2}$ surface area) based on nanoimprint lithography: i)
                      Isotropic surfaces with 100 nm and 400 nm high posts with
                      diameter and distance ranging from 250 nm to 2 μm and ii)
                      Gradient patterns of 250 nm diameter posts and linear slopes
                      of 0.15·10$^{-3}$, 0.75·10$^{-3}$, 1.95·10$^{-3}$, and
                      3.95·10$^{-3}$/mm. These polymer substrates exhibited high
                      cell viability and neuronal maturation. Employing the
                      systematic design variations of the surface topographies,
                      the engulfment-like process of the 3D nanostructures by the
                      cell membrane has been quantified. An optimal 3D structured
                      area (100 nm high posts with 250 nm diameter and 1 μm
                      pitch) has been found to increase the cell membrane adhesion
                      in comparison to the planar surface. In addition, the 3D
                      pillars enhanced axon growth and alignment to the
                      topography, an effect that diminished with decreasing
                      pillars height. However, for the lower pillar height the
                      alignment could be induced by gradient patterns with 1 μm
                      and 4 μm distance between the pillars. Finally, 3D
                      asymmetric surfaces characterized by dense inclined PPX
                      polymer nanopillars, have been used to induce axon
                      elongation and initial directionality of axon formation.
                      This thesis contributes to the understanding of neuron
                      adhesion, neuritogenesis, and neurite elongation in response
                      to micro- and nanometer range pattern dimensions.
                      Implementing axonal guidance and elongation by use of
                      topography (3D nano-modified surfaces) can be a versatile
                      tool for neuronal applications, such as nerve regeneration.},
      cin          = {ICS-8},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-8-20110106},
      pnm          = {552 - Engineering Cell Function (POF3-552)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-552},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2018032800},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837121},
}