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@ARTICLE{Wrana:837186,
      author       = {Wrana, D. and Rodenbücher, C. and Bełza, W. and Szot, K.
                      and Krok, F.},
      title        = {{I}n situ study of redox processes on the surface of
                      {S}r{T}i{O}$_{3}$ single crystals},
      journal      = {Applied surface science},
      volume       = {432},
      issn         = {0169-4332},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06165},
      pages        = {46-52},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In this paper, we report on surface transformations under
                      high-temperature (up to 1000 °C) annealing of SrTiO3(100)
                      single crystals under reducing conditions and in situ
                      oxidation. We compare macroscale electrical measurements
                      with nanoscale investigations of as-reduced and oxidized
                      surfaces. On the nanoscale, annealing in ultra-high-vacuum
                      (UHV) conditions causes a restoration of the long-range
                      atomic order of the (1 × 1) pattern. However, above
                      annealing temperatures of 900 °C, a complex reconstruction
                      of (×)R 33.7° and subsequently (×)R 26.6° appears. The
                      surface becomes Ti-rich and residual carbon desorbs.
                      Electrical surface conductivity increases with the annealing
                      temperature, revealing an inhomogeneous spot-like structure
                      on the nanoscale. Mapping of the surface potential also
                      reveals comparable spatial variations, marking exits of
                      dislocations. The estimated surface work function is
                      increased upon reoxidation by 0.55 eV in the case of
                      annealing at 900 °C, when (×)R 33.7° dominates. Our
                      results show that in contrast to the macroscopic resistance
                      of the crystal, the nanoscale surface conductivity and
                      surface potential are significantly influenced by redox
                      processes at room temperature.},
      cin          = {PGI-7},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {521 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena
                      (POF3-521)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-521},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000416965500009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.272},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837186},
}