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@INPROCEEDINGS{Arnold:837199,
      author       = {Arnold, Lukas},
      title        = {{T}he {ORPHEUS} project - {L}ife safety in underground
                      stations},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06178},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The German joint research project ORPHEUS started 2015 and
                      aims at the life safety in metro underground stations in
                      case of fire. Its consortium consists out of 14 partners
                      from industry and science as well as fire brigades and a
                      transport company. This contribution presents an overview of
                      the achieved experimental and numerical results and future
                      work. The experimental part of the project is split into
                      real scale and small scale experiments. The real scale
                      experiments are carried out in an underground station in
                      Berlin during the nightly operational breaks. Hot smoke
                      tests are run, while the three-level station is wired with
                      hundreds of sensors for temperature and velocity
                      measurements. Additionally, the tracer gas SF 6 is added to
                      the plume and its concentrations are measured at various
                      positions in the station. Besides the individual
                      experiments, long term underground climate measurements are
                      performed to model the ambient heat and mass flows through
                      the station with respect to the season and current weather
                      on the surface. A detailed small scale experiment (scale
                      1:15) was built to be used to evaluate different ventilation
                      strategies and techniques. Each of the two approximately 8 m
                      long platforms allow the positioning of the heat and smoke
                      source embedded in a metro car model. The real scale
                      experiments were accompanied by a firefighter brigade, which
                      practiced new tactical approaches under low visibility
                      conditions in a complex underground station. Additionally,
                      new technical equipment supporting the orientation was
                      evaluated under quasi-realistic visibility conditions.
                      Orientation experiments as well as sign perception under low
                      visibility complete the experimental campaign. On the
                      simulation side, the main topics are: the validation of FDS
                      and ANSYS CFX with the experimental data (laboratory and
                      field experiments), modeling of ventilation systems, coupled
                      evacuation and smoke spread analysis, and the development of
                      new numerical methods. The validation simulations focus on
                      the smoke layer heights and temperature profiles and are run
                      on high performance computing facilities to allow for an
                      adequate numerical resolution. While they consider the
                      underground climate conditions during the experiments, the
                      used propane torches are not explicitly modeled. So far, a
                      good agreement with the experimental data was observed. To
                      analyze the life safety in the station, ensemble
                      calculations of a coupled evacuation (JuPedSim) and smoke
                      (FDS) system were run. Within the evacuation runs, different
                      routing strategies were evaluated. The developed analysis
                      methods extend the RSET-ASET concept by a spatio-temporal
                      view point. The final goal is to understand the full system,
                      including e.g. underground climate or orientation, and hence
                      to design smoke control measures to increase the life safety
                      in underground stations in case of fire.},
      month         = {Jun},
      date          = {2017-06-12},
      organization  = {The 12th International Symposium on
                       Fire Safety Science, Lund (Sweden), 12
                       Jun 2017 - 16 Jun 2017},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / ORPHEUS - Optimierung der Rauchableitung und
                      Personenführung in U-Bahnhöfen: Experimente und
                      Simulationen (BMBF-13N13266)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-13N13266},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837199},
}