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@ARTICLE{Wirtz:837278,
      author       = {Wirtz, Marius and Linke, J. and Loewenhoff, Th. and
                      Pintsuk, G. and Uytdenhouwen, I.},
      title        = {{T}ransient heat load challenges for plasma-facing
                      materials during long-term operation},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06247},
      pages        = {148-155},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The study summarizes the experimental results on fusion
                      relevant pure heat load exposures of different tungsten
                      products in the electron beam devices JUDITH 1 and 2.
                      Besides steady state heat loading, up to 106 transient
                      ELM-like pulses were applied. A detailed postmortem analysis
                      reveals a wide and complex range of thermally-induced
                      surface modifications and damages, such as roughening due to
                      plastic deformation, cracking, and melting of parts of the
                      material surface. Different industrially available tungsten
                      products with varying thermal and mechanical properties were
                      investigated in order to examine their influence on the
                      thermal shock response. Furthermore, recrystallisation of
                      the material, which will take place during long term
                      operation, will additionally deteriorate the mechanical
                      strength of the plasma facing material. The results show
                      that the mechanical strength of the material has a
                      significant influence on the formation and evolution of
                      damage. Especially, recrystallisation and
                      melting/resolidification will make the material more prone
                      to thermal shock and fatigue, accelerating the evolution of
                      damages. The combination of different material
                      modifications/damages accompanied by the degradation of
                      mechanical properties will have a strong impact on the
                      plasma performance and lifetime of plasma facing
                      materials/components.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000417293300019},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.024},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837278},
}