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@ARTICLE{Panayotis:837279,
      author       = {Panayotis, S. and Hirai, T. and Barabash, V. and Durocher,
                      A. and Escourbiac, F. and Linke, J. and Loewenhoff, Th. and
                      Merola, M. and Pintsuk, G. and Uytdenhouwen, I. and Wirtz,
                      Marius},
      title        = {{S}elf-castellation of tungsten monoblock under high heat
                      flux loading and impact of material properties},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06248},
      pages        = {200-204},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In the full-tungsten divertor qualification program at ITER
                      Organization, macro-cracks, so called self-castellation were
                      found in a fraction of tungsten monoblocks during cyclic
                      high heat flux loading at 20MW/m2. The number of monoblocks
                      with macro-cracks varied with the tungsten products used as
                      armour material. In order to understand correlation between
                      the macro-crack appearance and W properties, an activity to
                      characterize W monoblock materials was launched at the IO.
                      The outcome highlighted that the higher the
                      recrystallization resistance, the lower the number of cracks
                      detected during high heat flux tests. Thermo-mechanical
                      finite element modelling demonstrated that the maximum
                      surface temperature ranges from 1800 °C to 2200 °C and
                      in this range recrystallization of tungsten occurred.
                      Furthermore, it indicated that loss of strength due to
                      recrystallization is responsible for the development of
                      macro-cracks in the tungsten monoblock.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-2},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000417293300027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2016.10.025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837279},
}