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@ARTICLE{Huber:837447,
      author       = {Huber, Alexander and Sergienko, Gennady and Kinna, David
                      and Huber, Valentina and Milocco, Alberto and Mercadier,
                      Laurent and Balboa, Itziar and Conroy, Sean and Cramp, Simon
                      and Kiptily, Vasili and Kruezi, Uron and Lambertz, Horst
                      Toni and Linsmeier, Christian and Matthews, Guy and
                      Popovichev, Sergey and Mertens, Philippe and Silburn, Scott
                      and Zastrow, Klaus-Dieter},
      title        = {{R}esponse of the imaging cameras to hard radiation during
                      {JET} operation},
      journal      = {Fusion engineering and design},
      volume       = {123},
      issn         = {0920-3796},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06360},
      pages        = {669-673},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The analysis of the radiation damage of imaging systems is
                      based on all different types of analogue/digital cameras
                      with uncooled as well as actively cooled image sensors in
                      the VIS/NIR/MWIR spectral ranges. The Monte Carlo N-Particle
                      (MCNP) code has been used to determine the neutron fluence
                      at different camera locations in JET. An explicit link
                      between the sensor damage and the neutron fluence has been
                      observed. Sensors show an increased dark-current and
                      increased numbers of hot-pixels. Uncooled cameras must be
                      replaced once per year after exposure to a neutron fluence
                      of ∼1.9–3.2 × 1012neutrons/cm2. Such levels of fluence
                      will be reached after ≈14-22 ELMy H-mode pulses during the
                      future D-T campaign. Furthermore, dynamical noise seen as a
                      random pattern of bright pixels was observed in the presence
                      of hard radiation (neutrons and gammas). Failure of the
                      digital electronics inside the cameras as well as of
                      industrial controllers is observed beyond a neutron fluence
                      of about ∼4 × 109 neutrons/cm2. The impact of hard
                      radiation on the different types of electronics and possible
                      application of cameras during future D-T campaign is
                      discussed.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000418992000139},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.167},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837447},
}