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@ARTICLE{Xu:837568,
      author       = {Xu, Cong and Han, Xiao and Bol, Roland and Smith, Pete and
                      Wu, Wenliang and Meng, Fanqiao},
      title        = {{I}mpacts of natural factors and farming practices on
                      greenhouse gas emissions in the {N}orth {C}hina {P}lain: {A}
                      meta-analysis},
      journal      = {Ecology and evolution},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {2045-7758},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {John Wiley $\&$ Sons, Inc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06456},
      pages        = {6702 - 6715},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Requirements for mitigation of the continued increase in
                      greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are much needed for the North
                      China Plain (NCP). We conducted a meta-analysis of 76
                      published studies of 24 sites in the NCP to examine the
                      effects of natural conditions and farming practices on GHG
                      emissions in that region. We found that N2O was the main
                      component of the area-scaled total GHG balance, and the CH4
                      contribution was $<5\%.$ Precipitation, temperature, soil
                      pH, and texture had no significant impacts on annual GHG
                      emissions, because of limited variation of these factors in
                      the NCP. The N2O emissions increased exponentially with
                      mineral fertilizer N application rate, with y =
                      0.2389e0.0058x for wheat season and y = 0.365e0.0071x for
                      maize season. Emission factors were estimated at $0.37\%$
                      for wheat and $0.90\%$ for maize at conventional fertilizer
                      N application rates. The agronomic optimal N rates (241 and
                      185 kg N ha−1 for wheat and maize, respectively) exhibited
                      great potential for reducing N2O emissions, by 0.39 $(29\%)$
                      and 1.71 $(56\%)$ kg N2O-N ha−1 season−1 for the wheat
                      and maize seasons, respectively. Mixed application of
                      organic manure with reduced mineral fertilizer N could
                      reduce annual N2O emissions by $16\%$ relative to mineral N
                      application alone while maintaining a high crop yield.
                      Compared with conventional tillage, no-tillage significantly
                      reduced N2O emissions by $~30\%$ in the wheat season,
                      whereas it increased those emissions by $~10\%$ in the maize
                      season. This may have resulted from the lower soil
                      temperature in winter and increased soil moisture in summer
                      under no-tillage practice. Straw incorporation significantly
                      increased annual N2O emissions, by $26\%$ relative to straw
                      removal. Our analysis indicates that these farming practices
                      could be further tested to mitigate GHG emission and
                      maintain high crop yields in the NCP.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000409529800007},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28904752},
      doi          = {10.1002/ece3.3211},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837568},
}