TY  - JOUR
AU  - Migunov, Vadim
AU  - Dwyer, Christian
AU  - Boothroyd, Christopher Brian
AU  - Pozzi, Giulio
AU  - Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal
TI  - Prospects for quantitative and time-resolved double and continuous exposure off-axis electron holography
JO  - Ultramicroscopy
VL  - 178
SN  - 0304-3991
CY  - Amsterdam
PB  - Elsevier Science
M1  - FZJ-2017-06633
SP  - 48 - 61
PY  - 2017
AB  - The technique of double exposure electron holography, which is based on the superposition of two off-axis electron holograms, was originally introduced before the availability of digital image processing to allow differences between electron-optical phases encoded in two electron holograms to be visualised directly without the need for holographic reconstruction. Here, we review the original method and show how it can now be extended to permit quantitative studies of phase shifts that oscillate in time. We begin with a description of the theory of off-axis electron hologram formation for a time-dependent electron wave that results from the excitation of a specimen using an external stimulus with a square, sinusoidal, triangular or other temporal dependence. We refer to the more general method as continuous exposure electron holography, present preliminary experimental measurements and discuss how the technique can be used to image electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields during high frequency switching experiments.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000403862900008
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.010
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/837856
ER  -