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@ARTICLE{Zhou:838121,
      author       = {Zhou, Minghua and Zhu, Bo and Wang, Shijie and Zhu, Xinyu
                      and Vereecken, Harry and Brüggemann, Nicolas},
      title        = {{S}timulation of {N} 2 {O} emission by manure application
                      to agricultural soils may largely offset carbon benefits: a
                      global meta-analysis},
      journal      = {Global change biology},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1354-1013},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06825},
      pages        = {4068 - 4083},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Animal manure application as organic fertilizer does not
                      only sustain agricultural productivity and increase soil
                      organic carbon (SOC) stocks, but also affects soil nitrogen
                      cycling and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, given
                      that the sign and magnitude of manure effects on soil N2O
                      emissions is uncertain, the net climatic impact of manure
                      application in arable land is unknown. Here, we performed a
                      global meta-analysis using field experimental data published
                      in peer-reviewed journals prior to December 2015. In this
                      meta-analysis, we quantified the responses of N2O emissions
                      to manure application relative to synthetic N fertilizer
                      application from individual studies and analyzed manure
                      characteristics, experimental duration, climate, and soil
                      properties as explanatory factors. Manure application
                      significantly increased N2O emissions by an average $32.7\%$
                      $(95\%$ confidence interval: $5.1–58.2\%)$ compared to
                      application of synthetic N fertilizer alone. The significant
                      stimulation of N2O emissions occurred following cattle and
                      poultry manure applications, subsurface manure application,
                      and raw manure application. Furthermore, the significant
                      stimulatory effects on N2O emissions were also observed for
                      warm temperate climate, acid soils (pH < 6.5), and soil
                      texture classes of sandy loam and clay loam. Average direct
                      N2O emission factors (EFs) of $1.87\%$ and $0.24\%$ were
                      estimated for upland soils and rice paddy soils receiving
                      manure application, respectively. Although manure
                      application increased SOC stocks, our study suggested that
                      the benefit of increasing SOC stocks as GHG sinks could be
                      largely offset by stimulation of soil N2O emissions and
                      aggravated by CH4 emissions if, particularly for rice paddy
                      soils, the stimulation of CH4 emissions by manure
                      application was taken into account.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000410642100010},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28142211},
      doi          = {10.1111/gcb.13648},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838121},
}