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@ARTICLE{Schleutker:838295,
      author       = {Schleutker, Marco and Bahner, Jochen and Tsai, Chih-Long
                      and Stolten, Detlef and Korte, Carsten},
      title        = {{O}n the interfacial charge transfer between solid and
                      liquid {L}i + electrolytes},
      journal      = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {39},
      issn         = {1463-9084},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-06938},
      pages        = {26596--26605},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The Li+ ion transfer between a solid and a liquid Li+
                      electrolyte has been investigated by DC polarisation
                      techniques. The current density i is measured as a function
                      of the electrochemical potential drop Δ[small mu, Greek,
                      tilde]Li+ at the interface, using a liquid electrolyte with
                      different Li+ concentrations. The subject of this
                      experimental study is the interface between the solid
                      electrolyte Ta-substituted lithium lanthanum zirconate
                      (Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12) and a liquid electrolyte consisting
                      of LiPF6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate
                      (1 : 1). The functional course of i vs. Δ[small mu,
                      Greek, tilde]Li+ can be described by a serial connection
                      between a constant ohmic resistance Rslei and a current
                      dependent thermally activated ion transfer process. For the
                      present solid–liquid electrolyte interface the areal
                      resistance Rslei of the surface layer is independent of the
                      Li+ concentration in the liquid electrolyte. At room
                      temperature a value of about 300 Ω cm2 is found. The
                      constant ohmic resistance Rslei can be attributed to a
                      surface layer on the solid electrolyte with a (relatively)
                      low conductivity (solid–liquid electrolyte interphase).
                      The low conducting surface layer is formed by degradation
                      reactions with the liquid electrolyte. Rslei is considerably
                      increased if a small amount (ppm) of water is added to the
                      liquid electrolyte. The thermally activated ionic transfer
                      process obeys a Butler–Volmer like behaviour, resulting in
                      an exchange current density i0 depending on the Li+
                      concentration in the liquid electrolyte by a power-law. At a
                      Li+ concentration of 1 mol l−1 a value of 53.1 μA cm−2
                      is found. A charge transfer coefficient α of ∼0.44 is
                      measured. The finding of a superposed constant ohmic
                      resistance due to a solid–liquid electrolyte interphase
                      and a current dependent thermally activated ion transfer
                      process is confirmed by the results of two former
                      experimental studies from the literature, performing AC
                      measurements/EIS.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28948987},
      UT           = {WOS:000412763700013},
      doi          = {10.1039/C7CP05213H},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838295},
}