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@ARTICLE{Spilker:838594,
      author       = {Spilker, B. and Linke, J. and Loewenhoff, Th. and Pintsuk,
                      G. and Wirtz, M.},
      title        = {{H}igh {P}ulse {N}umber transient heat loads on beryllium},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07171},
      pages        = {1184 - 1188},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The experimental fusion reactor ITER will apply beryllium
                      as first wall armor material. In present fusion experiments,
                      e.g. ASDEX Upgrade, it has been detected that up to $25\%$
                      of the plasma energy loss is deposited in non divertor
                      regions during edge localized mode (ELM) events. Therefore,
                      the impact of transient heating events on beryllium needs to
                      be investigated to reliably predict the performance of the
                      beryllium armor tiles under ITER operational conditions. In
                      the present experiments, the electron beam facility JUDITH 2
                      was used to exert transient heat pulses with power densities
                      of 0.14–1.0 GW m−2, as they can be expected for
                      mitigated Type 1 ELMs in ITER, pulse durations in the range
                      of 0.08–1.0 ms, and a number of pulses in the range of
                      103–107 on S-65 beryllium specimens that were brazed on an
                      actively cooled copper structure. Thereby, a strong drop of
                      the melting threshold was discovered from a heat flux factor
                      FHF = 22–25 MW m−2s0.5 for 102 pulses to FHF < 12 MW
                      m−2s0.5 for 103 pulses. However, a saturation of the
                      thermally induced damage was observed for FHF ≤ 9 MW
                      m−2s0.5 after 105 pulses. This result indicated a
                      promising performance of beryllium under a high number of
                      transient heat pulses in ITER. Nevertheless, the synergistic
                      effects between thermal loads, particle loads, and neutron
                      irradiation might affect the saturation threshold and need
                      to be investigated in future studies.},
      cin          = {IEK-2 / IEK-4},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000417293300195},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2016.11.032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838594},
}