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@ARTICLE{Corson:838620,
      author       = {Corson, L. Cramer and Gonzalez, Jesus and Colasuonno, Paul
                      S. and Holland, Troy B.},
      title        = {{C}ontinuous functionally graded material to improve the
                      thermoelectric properties of {Z}n{O}},
      journal      = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society},
      volume       = {37},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {0955-2219},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07197},
      pages        = {4693-4700},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Functionally graded material (FGM) in terms of grain size
                      gradation is fabricated from ZnO with a combination of
                      modified Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) graphite tooling,
                      water sintering enhancements through transient liquid phase
                      surface transport, and strategic SPS mechanical loading. The
                      grain size gradation of the ZnO FGM spans from 180 nm grains
                      to 1.2 micrometers in a fully dense material. This is the
                      first semiconductor or ceramic to be graded
                      microstructurally to this extent. Predictions of the
                      microstructure with a Master Sintering Curve (MSC) approach
                      were done with a series of isothermal experiments on two
                      different FGM conditions revealing a slight offset due to a
                      constrained mechanism. The mechanical properties were tested
                      with Vickers micro hardness across the sample, showing a
                      gradient in hardness from 2.6 GPa to 4.2 GPa. In addition,
                      the thermoelectric properties of the FGM were measured and
                      show a zT of 2 × 10−5 at 100 °C compared to uniform
                      small- and large-grained samples of 1 × 10−6. This is an
                      order of magnitude difference making a new path for
                      improvements of bulk thermoelectric material.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000411296700034},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.07.019},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838620},
}