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@ARTICLE{Schindler:838847,
      author       = {Schindler, Torben and Schmutzler, Tilo and Schmiele, Martin
                      and Lin, Wei and Segets, Doris and Peukert, Wolfgang and
                      Appavou, Marie-Sousai and Kriele, Armin and Gilles, Ralph
                      and Unruh, Tobias},
      title        = {{C}hanges within the stabilizing layer of {Z}n{O}
                      nanoparticles upon washing},
      journal      = {Journal of colloid and interface science},
      volume       = {504},
      issn         = {0021-9797},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07357},
      pages        = {356 - 362},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are highly relevant for various
                      industrial applications, however, after synthesis of the NPs
                      residual chemicals need to be removed from the colloidal raw
                      product by washing, as they may influence the performance of
                      the final device.In the present study we focus on the effect
                      of washing by antisolvent flocculation with subsequent
                      redispersion of the NPs on the stabilizing acetate shell.
                      Purification of the ZnO nanoparticles is reported to be
                      optimal with respect to zeta potential that has a maximum
                      after one washing cycle. In this work, we will shed light on
                      this observation using small angle X-ray and neutron
                      scattering (SAXS, SANS) by demonstrating that after the
                      first washing cycle the content of acetate in the ligand
                      shell around the ZnO NPs increases.In detail, it was
                      observed that the diffuse acetate shell shrinks to the size
                      of a monolayer upon washing but the acetate content of this
                      monolayer is higher than within the diffuse shell of the
                      particles of the native dispersion. A second washing cycle
                      reduces the acetate concentration within the stabilizing
                      shell and the stability of the dispersion drops accordingly.
                      After another (third) washing cycle strong agglomeration was
                      observed for all investigated samples.},
      cin          = {JCNS (München) ; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II / Neutronenstreuung ; JCNS-1},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {6G15 - FRM II / MLZ (POF3-6G15) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for
                      Neutron Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G15 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS1-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28582753},
      UT           = {WOS:000405646200039},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.059},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838847},
}