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@ARTICLE{Hong:838906,
      author       = {Hong, Po and Xu, Liangfei and Jiang, Hongliang and Li,
                      Jianqiu and Ouyang, Minggao},
      title        = {{A} new approach to online {AC} impedance measurement at
                      high frequency of {PEM} fuel cell stack},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {42},
      number       = {30},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07412},
      pages        = {19156 - 19169},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In the PEM fuel cell system, the water management strategy
                      is founded on the accurate water content estimation while
                      until now it is still a large obstacle that prevents the
                      application in the field of transportation. Focused on this
                      problem, approaches such as the multi-mixture model have
                      been put forward to estimate the water content but there
                      exist some limitations. Some recent literature work shows
                      that if they are combined with the AC impedance measurement
                      at high frequency the estimation accuracy will be further
                      improved. Hence, in this paper a new approach to online AC
                      impedance measurement at high frequency is proposed by
                      paralleling a DC/DC converter with the PEM fuel cell stack.
                      Then the mathematical model of the stack and the converter
                      is developed and analyzed to verify the feasibility of this
                      method. After that, the DC/DC converter is designed and an
                      experiment is performed on a 30 kW stack of 120-serial
                      cells. To calculate the impedance of a cell, the cell
                      voltage monitor is used to simultaneously measure the output
                      current of the stack and the voltage of each cell and this
                      device is experimentally calibrated. Under pre-scheduled
                      experiment conditions, the variation trend of the impedance
                      at 320 Hz of two cells in serial as a unit validates the
                      capability of AC impedance measurement at high frequency
                      using the DC/DC converter.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000408297500041},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.035},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/838906},
}